==Energy and Its Transformations== Pre-lab: show "Energy" Bill Nye video (from "Heat/Energy" videotape, SMS Library) > Law(s) of Conservation of Mass & Energy (a theme of the course): "Energy Transformations" ("Energy Chains") lab activity [~1.5 days]; post-lab discussion [~.5 day] ***Note: TAK for PBQ10A has an error -- the correct answer for #4 is "C" (there are only three choices)*** KINETIC kinetic mechanical energy radiant energy (electromagnetic energy, solar energy) thermal energy electrical energy sound energy POTENTIAL potential mechanical energy chemical nuclear (fission, fusion) == Google Search: "forms of energy" US Dept. of Energy http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/science/formsofenergy.html glossary: http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/glossary/index.html What is energy? Energy makes change; it does things for us. ... Scientists define energy as the ability to do work. Forms of Energy Energy is found in different forms, such as light, heat, sound and motion. There are many forms of energy, but they can all be put into two categories: kinetic and potential. > KINETIC ENERGY Kinetic energy is motion––of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects. Kinetic - The energy of a body which [that] results from its motion. -- Definition: Radiant Energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Radiant Energy - Any form of energy radiating from a source in waves. Example: Solar energy is an example of radiant energy. -- Definition: Thermal Energy, or heat, is the internal energy in substances--the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances. Thermal Energy - The total potential and kinetic energy associated with the random motions of the molecules of a material. Example: Geothermal energy is an example of thermal energy. -- Definition: Electrical Energy is the movement of electrical charges. Electrical Energy - The energy associated with electric charges and their movements. Example: Electrical charges moving through a wire is an example of electricity. Lightning is another example of electrical energy. -- Definition: Motion [Mechanical] Energy is the movement of objects and substances from one place to another. Mechanical Energy - The energy of motion used to perform work. Example: Wind is an example of motion energy. -- Definition: Sound is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate--the energy is transferred through the substance in a wave. Example: A "boombox" portable stereo is an example of an electronic device capable of producing sound energy. > POTENTIAL ENERGY Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position––gravitational energy. There are several forms of potential energy. -- Definition: Stored Mechanical Energy is energy stored in objects by the application of a force. Example: Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of stored mechanical energy. -- Definition: Gravitational Energy is the energy of position or place. A rock resting at the top of a hill contains gravitational potential energy. Example: Hydropower, such as water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an example of gravitational potential energy. -- Definition: Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It is the energy that holds these particles together. Chemical Energy - Energy stored in a substance and released during a chemical reaction such as burning wood, coal, or oil. Example: Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and propane are examples of stored chemical energy. > Energy Transformations chemical (food) --> kinetic/mechanical (riding a bicycle) radiant (Sun) --> chemical (photosynthesis in plants) chemical (fuel, gasoline) --> kinetic/mechanical (car in motion) electrical (household electricity outlet) --> thermal (electric blanket) Bonus: electrical (household electricity outlet) --> thermal (electric space heater) --> radiant (infrared waves) == Google Search: "mechanical energy" > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_energy In physics, mechanical energy describes the potential energy and kinetic energy present in the components of a mechanical system. What is it? The study of mechanics concerns the motion of physical bodies and the forces that act upon them. ... Mechanical energy includes things like the kinetic energy of a moving billiard ball, or the potential energy a roller coaster at the top of a hill. The classification of energy into different "types" often follows the boundaries of the fields of study in the natural sciences. - Chemical energy, the kind of potential energy stored in chemical bonds; studied in chemistry - Nuclear energy, energy stored in interactions between the particles in the atomic nucleus; studied in nuclear physics - Electromagnetic energy, in the form of electric charges, magnetic fields, and photons; from the study of electromagnetism - Various forms of energy in quantum mechanics; for example, the energy levels of electrons in an atom In certain cases, it can be unclear what counts as "mechancial" energy. For example, is the energy stored in the structure of a crystal "mechanical" or "chemical?" Scientists generally use these "types" as convenient labels which clearly distinguish between different phenomena. It is not scientifically important to decide what is "mechanical" energy and what is "chemical." In these cases, usually there is a more specific name for the phenomenon in question. > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy * The term Energy (from Latin Energia and Greek ??e??e?a) refers to the ability of a physical system to do mechanical work. * Forms or Types of energy - mechanical potential—due to possible physical interactions with other objects (for example, gravitational potential energy); - kinetic—contained in macroscopic motion; - chemical—potential stored in chemical bonds between atoms; - electrical—potential due to possible charge interactions; - thermal—contained in the kinetic energy of individual molecules; - nuclear—potential stored between constituents of nuclei. - Light can be viewed as energy in the form of photons or waves, depending on the context. > http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/class/energy/u5l1d.html Mechanical energy is the energy which is possessed by an object due to its motion or its stored energy of position. Mechanical energy can be either kinetic energy (energy of motion) or potential energy (stored energy of position).