Misc. Notes re: Circuit Diagrams: Combinations of Resistors, Inductors and Capacitors http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/combrlc.htm [neat Java applet that facilitates exploration of more complex circuits] == Google Search: circuit diagrams ==[great suite of Web pages]== Circuit Diagrams http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/cdiags.htm Circuit Symbols - of Electronic Components http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/symbol.htm Frequently Asked Questions http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/faq.htm Voltage and Current http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/voltage.htm ***Series and Parallel Connections*** (incl/ example of X-mas tree lights) http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/seriespa.htm ***Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)*** (flashing LEDs "...are designed to be connected directly to a supply, usually 9-12V, and no series resistor is required.") http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/led.htm ***Ohm's Law*** http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/ohmslaw.htm To make a current flow through a resistance there must be a voltage across that resistance. Ohm's Law shows the relationship between the voltage (V), current (I) and resistance (R). It can be written in three ways: V = I × R or I = V / R or R = V / I where: V = voltage in volts (V) I = current in amps (A) R = resistance in ohms (Omega) or: V = voltage in volts (V) I = current in milliamps (mA) R = resistance in kilohms (kOmega) For most electronic circuits the [unit] amp is too large and the ohm is too small, so we often measure current in milliamps (mA) and resistance in kilohms (kOmega). 1 mA = 0.001 A and 1 kOmega = 1000 Omega. The Ohm's Law equations work if you use volts (V), amps (A) and ohms (Omega), or if you use volts (V), milliamps (mA) and kilohms (kOmega). You must not mix these sets of units in the equations so you may need to convert between milliamps (mA) and amps (A) or kilohms (kOmega) and ohms (Omega). ***Frequently Asked Questions*** http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/faq.htm "Why is the letter "I" used to represent current? The letter I seems to be an odd choice for the English language, but it was chosen in the early days of electricity to represent intensity of current which we simply call current today." == The Physics Classroom - A High School Physics Tutorial ***Electric Potential vs. Electric Potential Difference:*** http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/circuits/u9l1b.html http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/circuits/u9l1c.html Lesson 4: Circuit Connections Circuit Symbols and Circuit Diagrams http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/circuits/u9l4a.html