Date: Sun, 6 Feb 2005 15:12:58 -0500 (EST) Subject: YLM Test Item Bank [The following test items were culled from Earth Science, Topic V planning folder.] Which of the following Earth surfaces usually reflects the most incoming solar radiation? 1 snow cover 2 green grass 3 dark brown soil 4 ?lake water? [blacktop pavement] Most of the energy from the light source was transferred to the [placeholder, plastic flower pots] by the process of 1 conduction 2 convection 3 radiation 4 transpiration After the light source was powered off, the electromagnetic energy radiated by the cooling [placeholder, plastic flower pots] was mostly 1 infrared rays 2 ultraviolet rays 3 gamma rays 4 visible light rays Which method of energy transfer is primarily responsible for energy being lost from Earth into space? 1 conduction 2 convection 3 solidification [sublimation] 4 radiation Which part of the Sun's electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength? 1 radio wave radiation 2 infrared radiation 3 visible light radiation 4 x-ray radiation [x capitalized? What about hyphen?] The atmosphere allows a large percentage of the visible light rays from Earths surface in the form of long-wave infrared radiation. Much of this infrared radiation warms the atmosphere when it is absorbed by molecules of carbon dioxide and water vapor. A person in Northern Virginia worked outdoors in sunlight for several hours on a day in July. Which type of clothing should the person have worn to absorb the least electromagnetic radiation? 1 dark colored 2 light colored == ICE --A--> LIQUID --B--> WATER <--D-- WATER <--C-- VAPOR A sample of water undergoes the phase changes from ice to water vapor and back to ice as shown in the diagram below. During which phase change does the sample gain the greatest amount of energy? [Items re: phase change graph] B-to-C - change from solid to liquid D-to-E - change from liquid to gas Directions (##-##): Base your answers to questions ## through ## on your knowledge of physical science and the graph below. The graph shows the temperatures recorded when a sample of water was heated from -100 to +200 degrees Celsius. The water received the same amount of heat every minute. The water reached ## degrees Celsius after the sample had been heated for approximately ## minutes The line from D to E on the graph represents a phase change (change in state of matter). Between points D and E, the water was 1) condensing * 2) evaporating 3) freezing 4) melting The greatest amount of energy was added to the water between points 1) A and B 2) B and C 3) C and D * 4) D and E [Energy received by the H2O is constant, therefore the longer the interval between points, the more energy received.] Between which two points did the temperature change most rapidly? [steepest slope] How is energy transferred from the Sun to the Earth? 1) conduction 2) convection 3) radiation Which statement best describes energy transfer by the process of conduction? 1) Energy is transferred because of density differences. 2) Energy is passed from particle to particle in a solid material. 3) Energy is transferred through a vacuum. 4) This type of energy transfer occurs only in fluids. Black and white plastic flower pots are placed near an incandescant lamp. After 10 minutes of heating, the black flower pot temperature is ## degrees Celsius and the white flower pot temperature is ## degrees Celsius. 10 minutes after the lamp is turned off, the black flower pot temperature is ## degrees Celsius and the white flower pot temperature is ## degrees Celsius. Which conclusion is most logical? 1) A good reflector of heat is a good absorber of heat. 2) A good reflector of heat is a good radiator of heat. 3) A good absorber of heat is a good radiator of heat. 4) A good absorber of heat is a poor radiator of heat. When a substance undergoes a change of phase from a liquid to a gas, the substance 1) always gains energy 2) always loses energy 3) sometimes gain energy A dark-colored object will heat faster than a light-colored object of the same size; the dark-colored object will also cool faster. Which of the following is the best explanation? 1) A good reflector of heat is a good absorber of heat. 2) A good reflector of heat is a good radiator of heat. 3) A good absorber of heat is a good radiator of heat. 4) A good absorber of heat is a poor radiator of heat. Two insulated cups are connected by an aluminum bar. Cold water is placed in one cup and an equal mass of hot water is placed in the other cup. The temperature of the hot water decreases more rapidly than the temperature of the cold water increases. Which statement best explains this observation? 1) The cold water gains heat from the air. 2) Some heat passes from the aluminum bar to the air. 3) The cold water is undergoing a change of phase. 4) Hot water has a lower specific heat than cold water. The energy that the Earth radiates back into space is mainly in which potion of the electromagnetic spectrum? 1) visible light 2) X rays [hyphenated?] 3) infrared rays 4) ultraviolet rays What is the major cause of convection currents? 1) density differences 2) gravitational attraction of the Sun and Moon 3) rotation of the Earth 4) friction An HVAC engineer is designing a solar collector to be used as part of an hot-air home heating system. Which color paint should be used on the solar panel if it designed to absorb the greatest possible amount of radiation? 1) red paint 2) white paint 3) yellow paint 4) black paint Why does air enter the solar collector at a lower inlet and leave the collector at an upper oulet? 1) The air inside the collector is cooler than the air entering the lower inlet. 2) The air inside the collector is less dense than the air entering the lower inlet. 3) The air inside the collector has less moisture than the air entering the lower inlet. 4) The mass of the air inside the collector is greater than the mass of the air entering the lower inlet. A brass rod at room temperature is immersed in a cup of hot water. Which one of the following statements is true? 1) The water acted as a heat sink. 2) The brass rod acted as a heat sink. 3) The water acted as a heat source. 4) Both 2 and 3 are true? 5) More information is needed in order to identify the heat source. If 10 grams of boiling water is added to 2 kilograms of boiling water, which of the following statements about the mixture is correct? 1) The temperature increases while the total amount of heat energy remains the same. 2) The temperature remains the same while the total amount of heat energy increases. 3) The temperature increases while the total amount of heat energy decreases. 4) The temperature remains the same while the total amount of heat energy decreases. When electromagnetic energy strikes an object that is a good radiator of energy, most of the energy will be 1) refracted 2) reflected 3) scattered 4) absorbed Air temperatures at or near the Earth's surface are chiefly the result of heat provided by 1) natural radioactive decay 2) combustion of fossil fuels 3) absorption and reradiation of solar energy 4) direct heating of the atmosphere by solar radiation Energy flows 1) from a region of lower temperature to a region of higher temperature 2) from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature 3) equally in both directions regardless of temperature 4) in a random manner == Google Search: NYS Regents Earth Science JUN 20 1973 - convection diagram, phase change graphs JUN 20 1979 - phase change graph 1972 ---- 14. An observer noted that even though the ice on a pond was melting, the temperature of the liquid water in the pond remained constant until all the ice melted. Which statement best explains this observation? 1) The angle of insolation was not great enough. 2) The daylight hours are longer than the nighttime hours. 3) The nighttime hours are longer than the daylight hours. *4) The heat energy is being used to change the solid ice to liquid water. Note that question(s) ## have only three choices. 51. In a closed system, the amount of energy lost by a heat source 1) is less than the amount of energy gained by a heat sink 2) is greater than the amount of energy gained by a heat sink *3) equals the amount of energy gained by a heat sink 52. If an object with a constant source of energy is in radiative balance, [then] the temperature of the object will 1) decrease 2) increase *3) remain the same 60. If the object is heated and expands, the density of the material will *1) decrease 2) increase 3) remain the same 1973 ---- 14. Which diagram best represents the transfer of heat by convection in a liquid? ***Features convection diagrams as answers*** *1) 2) 3) 4) 17. The greatest amount of solar radiation will be [is] reflected by 1) soil *2) snow 3) plants 4) water ***Temp vs. time graphs [phase changes]*** 101. Which substance did NOT experience a phase change? 1) A 2) B 3) C *4) D 103. Which two graphs show a similar rate of change in temperature for the first 15 minutes? 1) A and B 2) B and C *3) C and D 4) A and D 104. Which graph could represent ice changing to water vapor? *1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 1974 ---- 50. Two identical objects are painted different colors, one black and the other white. If both objects are placed in the sunlight, the amount of energy absorbed by the black object compared to the amount absorbed by the white object is 1) less *2) greater [more] 3) the same 1979 ---- 16. In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is most of the outgoing radiation from Earth? *1) infrared 2) visible 3) ultraviolet 4) X-ray ***Phase change graph featuring labels indicating changes in state of matter, e.g., liquid to gas*** Directions (66-70): Base your answers to questions 66 through 70 on your knowledge of physical science ... and the graph below. The graph shows the temperatures recorded when a sample of water was heated from -100dC to +200dC. The water received the same amount of heat every minute. 66. The water temperature reached 75dC after the sample had been heated for approximately *1) 5 minutes 2) 2 minutes 3) 6 minutes 4) 4 minutes 67. The line from D to E on the graph represents a phase (state) change. Between points D and E, the water was 1) condensing *2) evaporating 3) freezing 4) melting 68. The greatest amount of energy was added to the water between points 1) A nd B 2) B and C 3) C and D *4) D and E 70. Between which two points did the temperature change most rapidly? *1) A and B 2) B and C 3) C and D 4) D and E 1984 ---- 13. By which process does starlight travel through space? 1) absorption 2) conduction 3) convection *4) radiation 49. If equal masses of water in various phases (states [of matter]) are compared, which phase will contain the greatest amount of stored energy (latent heat)? 1) solid ice 2) liquid water *3) [gasseous] water vapor Base your answers to questions 71 through 75 on your knowledge of physical science ... and the diagram below. The diagram represents a closed energy system consisting of air and equal masses of copper, granite, and water in a perfectly insulated container. The temperatures were taken at the time the materials were placed inside the closed system. 71. In this system, which material is a heat sink for another material? *1) The water is a heat sink for the air. 2) The copper is a heat sink for the granite. 3) The granite is a heat sink for the water. 4) The copper is a heat sink for the air. Note that questions 74 and 75 have only three choices. 74. In the first day after the materials were placed in the system, the temperature of the water would probably 1) decrease *2) increase 3) remain the same 75. As time passes, the total energy in the system will 1) decrease 2) increase *3) remain the same [JUN 1985] A temperature of 80d Fahrenheit would be approximately equal to how many degrees on the Celsius scale? 1) 27 2) 34 3) 178 4) 299 1986 ---- [JUN 1986] <-- See also VA SOL graphic ***Great graphic of "Conduction Kit" apparatus.*** 13. Which part of the solar electromagnetic spectrum has the maximum intensity? *1) visible light radiation 2) infrared radiation 3) ultraviolet radiation 4) X-ray radiation Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the diagram below. The diagram illustrates equipment used to perform an open-system heat transfer investigation under ordinary classroom conditions. 15. If the initial temperature of the cold water was 10dC and the initial temperature of the hot water was 86dC, what were the most likely temperature readings after 12 minutes? 1) 22dC for the cold water and 74dC for the hot water <-- could be correct *2) 16dC for the cold water and 74dC for the hot water 3) 6dC for the cold water and 82dC for the hot water 3) 4dC for the cold water and 92dC for the hot water 16. The greatest amount of heat energy transferred between the hot and cold water is transferred by the process of *1) conduction 2) convection 3) absorption 4) radiation ================================================================= Walter Sanford, Director Carl Sandburg Middle School Center for Sky Awareness 8428 Fort Hunt Road Sandburg Planetarium Alexandria, VA 22308 Fairfax County Public Schools Work: 703-799-6169 -6197 (fax) E-mail: wsanford@wsanford.com Home: 703-765-9392 AMS Project ATMOSPHERE Atmospheric Education Resource Agent & Water in the Earth System (WES) Resource Teacher SCSA, Geosystems, & Camp T-Equity - URL: http://www.wsanford.com/ =================================================================